Breast Cancer Mammograms: Key to Early Detection

Mammograms are specialised X-ray imaging tests designed to examine breast tissue for early signs of breast cancer. By detecting abnormalities before symptoms arise, mammograms play a crucial role in improving outcomes, as early detection significantly increases treatment success and survival rates.

Reasons to Get a Mammogram

• Early detection saves lives: Mammograms of breast cancer can identify a problem at its earliest and most treatable stages, often before a lump is noticeable.
• Improved prognosis: Early treatment reduces the likelihood of cancer spreading, improving survival rates.
• Peace of mind: Regular screenings provide reassurance, particularly for those who have previously recieved a breast cancer diagnosis, or allow timely intervention if issues are found.

According to Cancer Australia, early detection of breast cancer on a mammogram can reduce mortality by up to 41%. About 90% of women diagnosed at Stage 1 breast cancer survive five years or longer compared to lower survival rates at later stages.

How Often Should You Have a Mammogram?

Based on Australian screening guidelines, women aged 50–74 are recommended to have a mammogram every two years through the free BreastScreen Australia program. However, women at high risk of developing breast cancer and are aged 40–49 or over 74 can also access free mammograms but should consult their doctor for tailored advice.

What age should you get a mammogram if breast cancer runs in the family?

If breast cancer runs in your family, or you have a close relative with breast cancer (like a mother or sister), it is recommended that you start mammograms 5–10 years earlier than their age at diagnosis (e.g. if your mother was diagnosed at 45, begin screening at 35–40).

Cost of mammograms?

• Under the BreastScreen Program: Free for eligible age groups (50–74).
• Private mammogram costs: Out-of-pocket costs for private mammograms typically range from $100 to $400, depending on the provider and location. This is the cost of mammograms under 40.

How is Breast Cancer Diagnosed Through Mammograms?

A mammogram involves the following steps:

• Compression: Each breast is gently compressed between two X-ray plates to spread the tissue evenly and capture detailed images.
• Imaging: Two images of each breast are taken, one from the top and one from the side.
• Duration: While the process can cause some discomfort, the imaging process takes about 20 seconds per image.

After the scan:

• Results: A radiologist reviews the images for abnormalities such as lumps, calcifications, or distortions.
• Waiting for results: If you’re wondering how long it takes to get abnormal results, these are typically available within a few days, but it’s common to experience anxiety waiting for mammogram results. Contact your provider if delays occur.
• Recalls: The most common reasons for being recalled after a mammogram include unclear images or findings that require further investigation.

The difference between screening and diagnostic mammograms?

• Screening mammograms: Routine exams for women without symptoms, focused on early detection.
• Diagnostic mammograms: Examinations for women with symptoms or abnormal results, providing more detailed imaging and analysis.

Can I have a mammogram with breast implants?

Yes, you can have a mammogram with implants. Radiologists use specialised techniques, including implant displacement views, to examine the breast tissue around the implants. Inform your technician beforehand to ensure accurate imaging.

One of the risks of some breast implants is an extremely rare type of cancer known as breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Find out more about breast implant associated cancer.

What does breast cancer look like on a mammogram?

On a mammogram, breast cancer may appear as:

• Lumps or masses: Areas with a defined shape or irregular borders.
• Calcifications: Tiny white specks that may indicate early cancer.
• Asymmetry: Uneven densities between the breasts or changes compared to prior scans.

Examples of breast cancer on mammograms:

Example of asymmetry in breast imaging. This is a series of breast cancer mammogram images obtained at annual screenings in the same patient, displayed from oldest (far left) to most recent (far right). An asymmetry in the posterior central left breast (arrows) becomes more obvious and increases in size over time, highlighting the importance of frequent mammograms. Image courtesy of RSNA.

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